By 3.51Kurdistannn
6/10/2012
4:20 am
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La Pucelle d\'Orléans), is a folk heroine of France and a Roman Catholic saint. She was born a peasant girl in what is now eastern France. Claiming
divine guidance, she led the French
army to several important victories
during the Hundred Years\' War, which paved the way for the
coronation of Charles VII of France. She was captured by the Burgundians, transferred to the English in exchange for money, put
on trial by the pro-English Bishop of
Beauvais Pierre Cauchon for charges of \"insubordination and heterodoxy\",[4] and was burned at the stake for heresy when she was 19 years old.[5] Twenty-five years after her
execution, an inquisitorial court
authorized by Pope Callixtus III examined the trial, pronounced her
innocent, and declared her a martyr. [5] Joan of Arc was beatified in 1909 and canonized in 1920. She is – along with St. Denis, St. Martin of Tours, St. Louis IX, and St. Theresa of Lisieux – one of the patron saints of France. Joan said that she had
visions from God that instructed her
to recover her homeland from English domination late in the Hundred Years\' War. The uncrowned
King Charles VII sent her to the siege of Orléans as part of a relief mission. She gained prominence
when she overcame the dismissive
attitude of veteran commanders and
lifted the siege in only nine days.
Several additional swift victories led
to Charles VII\'s coronation at Reims. To the present day, Joan of Arc has
remained a significant figure in Western civilization. From Napoleon I onward, French politicians of all leanings have invoked her memory.
Famous writers and composers who
have created works about her
include: William Shakespeare (Henry VI, Part 1), Voltaire (The Maid of Orleans), Friedrich Schiller (The Maid of Orleans), Giuseppe Verdi (Giovanna d\'Arc , Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (The Maid of Orleans), Mark Twain (Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc), Arthur Honegger (Jeanne d\'Arc au bûcher), Jean Anouilh (L\'Alouette), Bertolt Brecht (Saint Joan of the Stockyards), George Bernard Shaw (Saint Joan), Maxwell Anderson (Joan of Lorraine), and Leonard Cohen (Joan of Arc). Cultural depictions of Joan of Arc have continued in film, theatre, television, video games, music, and
performances.
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Kurdistannn